Later instructions to surveyors (beginning in about 1890) called for stones to be set for monuments with either notches or letters and/or numbers chiseled into them when practical. Early monuments were usually wood posts with appropriate numbers and letters carved into them with a “marking iron” (also called a “scribe”) to represent a unique point in the rectangular survey system. The monuments and marks that represented these corners took many forms. Subsequent surveys of township boundaries and subdivision of those six-mile square blocks into sections followed soon after and were generally completed for the lands most suited for habitation and cultivation in Oregon and Washington (previously part of the “Oregon Territory”) by about 1900.
In Oregon and Washington, the first corners were established beginning in 1853 with the survey and monumentation of the Willamette Meridian and Base Line.
This treatise is intended for the “younger surveyors” in our profession who may not have had the opportunity to delve into the nuances of these “original surveys” that are the foundation of almost everything we do, in some way or another.
Most “older” surveyors have had the opportunity to search for corners set by the Deputy Surveyors hired by the General Land Office (the “GLO”) in the execution of the Rectangular System.
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